What if the signer has no identification?

Short answer

If the notary does not personally know the signer, most states allow identification through one or more credible witnesses. If no lawful method is available, the notary must decline.

Full explanation

Three lawful paths to identity generally exist: personal knowledge, acceptable identification documents, and credible witnesses. When identification documents are unavailable — common with hospital patients, elderly signers, and incarcerated signers — the credible witness route is often the practical solution. The witness rules vary: some states require the witness to be personally known to the notary, some allow the witness to be identified by their own ID, and some require two witnesses.

Example

A hospital patient has no wallet. Her adult son, who the notary does not know, cannot simply vouch for her in every state — but a witness who personally knows the signer and satisfies the state's witness rules may be able to.

Common mistake to avoid

A signer without identification is a fraud-risk situation. Document what you did in your journal, and never let anyone pressure you into skipping identification because the matter is urgent.

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